In a complaint filed in Boston federal court, Harvard called the revocation a ‘blatant violation’ of the US constitution’s first amendment

• Fresh attack on Harvard intensifies chaos for international students in US

Harvard University has sued the Trump administration over Donald Trump’s decision to revoke the Ivy League school’s ability to enroll international students.

Reuters reports that in a complaint filed in Boston federal court, Harvard called the revocation a “blatant violation” of the US constitution’s first amendment and other federal laws.

HHS alleged that Columbia violated Title VI, which prohibits those receiving federal financial assistance from discriminating in its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, or national origin -- including discrimination against individuals based on their actual or perceived Israeli or Jewish identity or ancestry.

The notice, both from HHS and the Department of Education, “articulates extensive factual findings that span a period of over 19 months in which the University continually failed to protect Jewish students,” the government said in its announcement. “The findings are based on information and documents obtained during the investigation, including witness interviews; examination of written policies and procedures; reliable media reports that contemporaneously capture anti-Semitic incidents and events at Columbia University; and reports from Columbia University’s own Task Force on Antisemitism.”

Think you need an initial spark, arguing is a no-no or separate beds mean it’s over? Think again, say the experts

For Toby Ingham, psychotherapist and author of How to Improve Emotional Stability, referring to that sought-after spark as “chemistry” is an interesting analogy. “In dating, it tends to describe an immediate reaction, whereas lots of chemical reactions take time,” he says.

In a Cannes film festival where the greatest movies were about dictatorships and political cruelty, our chief critic shares his picks for the prix

Cannes this year had a lot to live up to after last year’s award-winners, headline-grabbers and social media meltdowners Anora, The Substance and Emilia Pérez. It makes reading the signs now that bit more difficult: the bizarre event on the Croisette boulevard this year was a palm tree falling over. If it happened in a film, the metaphor would be unbearable.

Whether 2025’s Cannes movies are going to spark a new burst of overwhelming excitement remains to be seen, though this year’s vintage feels good – often excellent, although even the biggest names can get it wrong: former Palme d’Or winner Julia Ducournau presented an incoherent drama called Alpha.

The Guardian’s picture editors select photographs from around the world

President says EU imports to US will be subject to levy from 1 June as markets slump in reaction to ‘major escalation’

• Business live – latest updates

Donald Trump has said he will impose a 50% tariff on all EU imports to the US from 1 June after saying trade talks between the two trading blocs were “going nowhere”.

In a surprise announcement, the US president posted on his Truth Social platform that his long-running battle to secure concessions from the EU had run aground.

Farm country voted for Trump in 2024, but many of his actions – from tariffs to federal cuts – are hurting growers

Donald Trump may have won the votes of the US’s most farming-dependent counties by an average of 78% in the 2024 election. But the moves made by his administration in the past few months – imposing steep tariffs, immigration policies that target the migrant labor farmers rely on, and canceling a wide range of USDA programs – have left many farmers reeling.

“The policies of the Trump administration are wreaking havoc on family farmers. It’s been terrible,” said John Bartman, a row crop farmer in Illinois. Bartman is owed thousands of dollars for sustainable practices he implemented on his row crop operation as part of the USDA’s Climate-Smart program.

The Enola Holmes actor shares a poem in memory of her mother. The film is part of a series to mark Celebration Day 2025 – a new annual moment, held on the last bank holiday Monday of May, to honour and celebrate those who have shaped our lives but are no longer with us. Directed by Oliver Parker at Abbey Road Studios, curated by Allie Esiri and published exclusively by the Guardian. On Celebration Day, join in by sharing your memories using #ShareYourStar

• ‘He lived inside poetry’: Toby Jones and Helena Bonham Carter perform poems in memory of lost loved ones

• Stephen Mangan performs I See You Dancing, Father by Brendan Kennelly – video

With little state support, villagers are left to battle wildfires armed with little more than shovels and bottles of water

• Fires drove record loss of world’s forests last year

Wildfires engulfed vast swathes of South America last year, devastating ecosystems, closing schools and grounding flights. With its worst fire season on record, Bolivia was especially hard hit. “We felt powerless and angry to be unable to protect what is ours,” says Isabel Surubí Pesoa.

Surubí Pesoa was forced to migrate to the nearest town after the spring that fed her village in Bolivia’s eastern lowlands dried up after the fires and the drought that preceded it. “It’s very painful,” she says.

Masked men broke into US reality star’s flat and held her at gunpoint in 2016, escaping with jewels worth €10m

A Paris court will reach a verdict on Friday in the trial of 10 people alleged to have been involved in the theft of jewellery worth millions of euros from the American reality TV star Kim Kardashian when she attended Paris fashion week in 2016.

Three pensioners and a man in his 30s are accused of breaking into a luxury residence in Paris, where they tied up Kardashian and held her hostage at gunpoint in her bedroom in the early hours of 3 October 2016.

Consultant position would be five years after Greensill scandal and add to ex-PM’s existing portfolio of roles

David Cameron is in talks to join the law firm DLA Piper as a consultant – five years after the Greensill scandal that showed he intensively lobbied officials on behalf of his failing employer.

The former prime minister, who also served as foreign secretary last year, is said to be having discussions about taking on an advisory position to help the firm with geopolitical risks.

Camogie Association votes to change ‘archaic’ dress rule that critics say had deterred girls from taking up the sport

Irish camogie players who objected to wearing skorts in the female-only sport have triumphed: they can now wear shorts.

The sport’s ruling body on Thursday ended the obligation to wear skorts – a portmanteau of shorts and skirt – and said players could choose to wear shorts.

Newcomers to the London flower show pass on their advice for what to do with the smallest of spaces using containers

The perfectly hewn rocks, babbling brooks and exquisite drifts of flawless flowers of the Chelsea flower show are an out-of-reach dream for anyone without a big-budget sponsor.

But this year, tucked away on a short, shaded stretch away from the elite show gardens, were 10 Chelsea newcomers demonstrating what can be achieved in even the smallest of spaces on balconies and containers.

The author and activist, who was subject to a fatwa in 2000, has won the prestigious prize for translated fiction for her short stories about the lives of Muslim women. She and her translator Deepa Bhasthi explain how Heart Lamp’s themes ‘are universal’

• ‘Radical translation’ of Heart Lamp by Banu Mushtaq wins International Booker prize

‘Human beings and their basic nature are the same everywhere,” Banu Mushtaq says. “That is the intention of my writing. The theme is woman, the theme is marginalised people, the theme is to be a voice to the voiceless community.”

Mushtaq, from the Karnataka region of southern India, has been “awake all night”, she says, as we speak on the morning after she won the International Booker prize in London for her book Heart Lamp. The prize is shared between Mushtaq and her translator Deepa Bhasthi, who is also present – and also had no sleep.

Instead of embarrassing Cyril Ramaphosa, the US president’s ‘gotcha’ moment illuminates the fact-free reality show that is Trump’s America

Donald Trump should really try harder.

When the US president unexpectedly and dramatically dimmed the lights inside the Oval Office on Wednesday and played a video clip of the alleged burial site of white victims of “genocide”, he meant to embarrass and humiliate his guest, Cyril Ramaphosa, the president of South Africa. It was his “gotcha!” moment after four months of relentless social media attacks, executive orders, boycotts, and threats of economic and diplomatic sanctions.

A zippy take on a gin sour, with extra tropical notes from yuzu and a whack of basil on the nose

The inspiration behind this drink was a basil sour I had when I was working in Trondheim, Norway. I loved the flavour combinations, and was keen to incorporate similar herbaceous notes into a drink that would represent one of the four elements, as well as our new restaurant. I’ve used citrus in the form of yuzu to introduce another flavour dimension that blends in harmoniously. At the restaurant, we make big batches of the citrus syrup from spent lemons and limes, to save on wastage.

Connor Wren, bar manager, Elements, Glasgow

From Auf Wiedersehen, Pet to Hollywood star – and nearly dying en route – his career has been a wild ride. He talks about how he’s ended up sparkling as the BBC’s new Sunday night crime-solver – and why he just wants to be brilliant

Some like it hot, and Timothy Spall is among them. “Can I have an extra-large skinny cappuccino, absolutely boiling?” he asks the server from his seat at a pavement cafe. “The largest and hottest you’ve got. Illegally hot.”

Once we are alone again, Spall returns to what he was in the middle of discussing: 18th-century coffee-houses. “What they served didn’t taste like coffee. It was repulsive. I looked it up.” His curiosity is innate and all-consuming. When he was 16 and starring in a school production of My Fair Lady, he took it upon himself to visit the tenements on Tottenham Court Road in London where his character would have lived. At an even younger age, he secretly imitated the stooped walk of a stranger he spotted in the street. Not to be cruel. “I just wanted to know what it was to walk like that. How it felt inside. I still find myself doing it now. I’ll see somebody moving a certain way and I’ll try and copy that to feel where it comes from. I suppose that’s why I do what I do.”

Successful podcasters are filming their shows, putting traditional platforms under pressure. Does it add value or reflect YouTube’s increasing might?

It is four in the afternoon at Pellicci’s, a family-run cafe on Bethnal Green Road in London that has been an East End institution for 125 years. Its famously loudmouthed owners, British-Italian siblings Nevio and Anna, have been serving fry-ups, soups, pasta and jam roly-polies since eight this morning. The cafe is now closed, but Anna and Nevio are just getting started on their second job as hosts of the podcast series Down the Caff, in which they interview people about food and life over a meal of the guest’s choosing. The conversations are sweary, chaotic and an absolute hoot.

Their guests so far include actor and Pellicci’s regular Ray Winstone, Dexys’ Kevin Rowland, rapper Hak Baker and 86-year-old YouTuber Marge Keefe, AKA Grime Gran. Today’s interviewees are TikTok star John Fisher, AKA Big John, and his son, the boxer Johnny Fisher. When I tell Anna she must be due a lie down, she says: “Tell me about it. In fact, tell him!” pointing at their longsuffering producer George Sexton-Kerr, who is busy moving Formica tables around to make way for the film crew.

Outgoing Match of the Day host poised to embrace role of media disruptor during Club World Cup but may not suit move to a traditional BBC rival

It is a scenario straight from the footballing world. A public falling out, leading to a star player becoming a free agent. From the moment Gary Lineker’s hastened departure from the BBC was announced this week, after he apologised for amplifying a social media post with antisemitic connotations, speculation began over his next move. In truth, however, the 64-year-old had already been thinking about his plans beyond the broadcaster.

This week, industry insiders have been wondering whether the BBC’s highest-paid presenter could be the subject of an audacious bid by a rival or be sought after by an overseas network. But Lineker could be working closely with another broadcaster as soon as this summer.

Palais des Papes show is big on tunic dresses and slouchy boots as heraldry meets Glastonbury for new collection

• The best of the Cannes film festival 2025 red carpet – in pictures

The pageantry and drama of the papacy is very much on trend. Hot on the heels of white smoke at the Vatican and Conclave in cinemas, the gothic Palais des Papes in Avignon, home to the popes of the 14th century, hosted a Louis Vuitton catwalk, the first fashion show at the palace in its 700-year history.

There was no shortage of pomp and ceremony in the central courtyard of one of Europe’s largest medieval structures, where 400 chairs with tall, arched backs and plush, cardinal-red cushions were ranked tightly for Brigitte Macron, Cate Blanchett, Pharrell Williams, a clutch of celebrities making a post-Cannes detour, and a select few of Louis Vuitton’s most deep-pocketed clients.

The travel-loving manager is staying put for now on the south coast after a record-breaking season – ‘I’m going to enjoy the years ahead of me’

At Bournemouth’s uber-cool Canford Magna training base, a 57-acre site on a former golf course, Andoni Iraola is surrounded by bells and whistles. There is a hydrotherapy pool and an altitude chamber. “For me, those are like the extras,” says a manager used to getting his hands dirty from his days at AEK Larnaca in Cyprus and Mirandés in northern Spain.

“I come from clubs where everybody has to do their job – and something else. I’ve needed to cut videos, make things, set up; we didn’t have goals with wheels so four of us would move them.” At Rayo Vallecano, even after promotion to La Liga, he explains how they happily made do with “training on one pitch and a third”.

Manchester City, Liverpool and Tottenham Hotspur may be saying goodbye to legends in the summer transfer window

By WhoScored

Cristian Romero’s time at Tottenham seemed to be drawing to a close. The Argentinian criticised the club earlier this season, blaming the board for a lack of progress. “Manchester City competes every year,” he said. “You see how Liverpool strengthens its squad. Chelsea strengthens their squad, doesn’t do well, strengthens again, and now they’re seeing results. Those are the things to imitate. You have to realise that something is going wrong. The last few years, it’s always the same – first the players, then coaching staff changes, and it’s always the same people responsible.” Real Madrid were previously linked with a move for the World Cup winner, but Atlético Madrid now seem more likely to sign the centre-back – if he is not enticed by the prospect of playing Champions League football for Tottenham.

The DJ coalesces her quickfire sensibility, which spans noughties dancefloor fillers, Jersey Club, drum’n’bass and dubstep, into a chaotically fun brew for the late-night crew

From London
Recommended if you like Nikki Nair, Anz, Ahadadream
Up next Debut EP Jellyfish out 6 July

On her NTS Radio show, London DJ Debbie Ijaduola, AKA debbiesthuglife, is liable to throw everything from 2000s dancefloor-fillers such as Basement Jaxx’s Oh My Gosh and Kelis’s Acapella with apocalyptic dubstep bass, trap lyricism, Jersey Club beats and Britney Spears. It’s a high-octane, unpredictable mix, only unified by the fact that when Debbie is on the decks, the energy is up.

A girl with super strength; anarchic doughnuts on a mission to rule the world; boys in the Blitz; an Igbo YA fantasy and more

The Bear-Shaped Hole by John Dougherty, illustrated by Thomas Docherty, Frances Lincoln, £7.99
This sensitive, gentle, straightforward story of friends who must part will help small readers weather the painful emotions that come before a loved one dies.

Wild by Katya Balen, illustrated by Gill Smith, Walker, £12.99
A little girl who loves the woods’ wildness is bereft when she moves to the city. When the rolling, twisting river shows her “the secrets hidden under its tongue”, she realises her wildness never left her. A lush, poetic picture book, with words by a Carnegie-winning author.

Politicians and the rightwing press talk about integration in a selective and politically loaded way. The reality is quite different

Amid all the acrimony surrounding Keir Starmer’s recent remarks on immigration – a row that could follow him into retirement and beyond – there has been one little-examined area of agreement between the prime minister and his critics. “When people come to our country,” Starmer said, “they should also commit to integration.” You may believe that integration is not best achieved by government decree, yet in conversations about what sort of society Britain should be, it has long been generally accepted that integration is a good thing – not just for immigrants but for everyone.

Mixing, empathising and collaborating with people who aren’t like you has benefits, the argument goes, for individuals and the country as a whole. Perspectives are broadened. Inequalities are softened, at least a little. Lives are enriched, and feelings of loneliness and alienation are diminished. Who would want to live in a country without such social exchanges – in other words, in a segregated society?

Andy Beckett is a Guardian columnist

Do you have an opinion on the issues raised in this article? If you would like to submit a response of up to 300 words by email to be considered for publication in our letters section, please click here.

Students will need to move schools to keep legal status, as US universities reel from funding cuts and Trump orders

The Trump administration’s announcement on Thursday that it would revoke Harvard University’s eligibility to enroll international students marked the most severe escalation yet in its weeks-long showdown with the university.

The move, which the university challenged in court on Friday, would force more than 6,000 currently enrolled students to transfer to other universities or lose their legal status, according to the Department of Homeland Security. The announcement sent shock waves through US universities already reeling from funding cuts and executive efforts to bring them in line with the administration’s agenda, but it will also add yet another element of uncertainty for international students after the administration abruptly terminated the legal status of thousands in recent weeks – a move it partially walked back but that has nonetheless disrupted students’ education and upended their lives.

Signs more typically seen in Australia aim to raise awareness after more than 30 moorland fires since March

Wildfire warning signs normally seen in the parched Australian outback have been installed on English moorland for the first time.

In a stark illustration of the worsening impact of the climate emergency, signs have been put up in the Peak District and south Pennines, where there have been more than 30 moorland fires since March.

The playwright was about to quit theatre but hearing Babe I’m Gonna Leave You led to a sensational, Tony-winning collaboration with Arcade Fire’s Will Butler

In 2013, I was desperately looking for a way to quit writing plays. I’d had a terrible, scarring artistic collaboration a couple of years prior, and it broke me. And on top of that, I was actually broke, financially. So I decided to give up playwriting, move to Los Angeles and make some money writing for film and television. But just as I’d made that decision, I received a three-year grant from the Mellon Foundation. It came with a significant chunk of money, so I was thrilled. Only it also came with conditions: one of which was that I needed to write a new play. “Fine,” I thought. “I’ll write a very short one-act to fulfil the requirements of the grant and then be done with theatre for ever.”

Months later, I was on an aeroplane listening to in-flight radio when Led Zeppelin’s cover of Babe I’m Gonna Leave You came on. I knew the haunting opening chords because when I was little my brother used to play them over and over to teach himself guitar. Until that moment, though, I don’t think I’d heard the actual song. What struck me most was the absolutely searing, raw vocals of Robert Plant. He was threatening a breakup, but the threat was delivered partly as a seduction, partly as a nervous breakdown. Underneath the “I’m gonna leave you” was the opposite: “I can never ever leave you and don’t you dare leave me!” Listening to his hypnotising vocals, I began to imagine what it must have felt like in that studio, the strange intimacy amid the technical weirdness of an analogue recording studio. I instantly knew it was the setting for a play.

Firearms officers among those dispatched to Queen Elizabeth university hospital and 29-year-old man arrested

Armed police have been called to a hospital in Glasgow after a man entered the building carrying a crossbow.

Police were alerted to the incident in the atrium of Queen Elizabeth university hospital at about 6.30am on Friday.

Ex-commander says Kyiv cannot expect to retake lost ground amid efforts to reset public expectations

• Europe live – latest updates

Ukraine’s ambassador to the UK has said Kyiv should focus on fighting a “hi-tech war of survival” that minimises the loss of its military personnel and not expect to recapture Russian-occupied territory, including Crimea and in the Donbas.

The comments by Valerii Zaluzhnyi, the former head of Ukraine’s armed forces, comes during an apparently widespread effort from Ukrainian officials to reset public expectations over the progress of a war that has ground on for more than three years amid fears there is no end in sight to the fighting.

Exclusive: A rightwing activist behind a current supreme court challenge has spent decades railing against ‘homosexual behavior’

Steven Hotze, a Republican donor from Texas, has spent decades fighting against LGBTQ+ rights, with campaigns seeking to roll back protections for people he has deemed “termites”, “morally degenerate” and “satanic”.

The Houston-area physician is not well-known in mainstream politics, and his efforts targeting queer and trans people have generally been local, with limited impact.

Americans are gradually turning against the president over his handling of immigration. Republicans will have to answer for it

If you can bear to hear it, there are still more than 1,300 days remaining in the Trump administration. That’s an interminably long time given all the havoc the president has been able to wreak since January alone; the chaos and cruelty of the term so far also happen to have used up his political capital remarkably quickly. The New York Times average of polls, which found him at 52% approval on inauguration day, had him at 51% disapproval on Wednesday. That collapse is less a problem for Trump specifically ⁠– assuming, perhaps optimistically, that he won’t appear on a ballot again ⁠– than it is for the Republican party, which will have to answer for the mess he’s made in next year’s midterms and beyond. And one of the challenges they seem likely to face is a changed public opinion landscape on immigration ⁠– a strength that Trump’s barbarism, just as in his first term, seems to be turning into a liability.

While it remains his strongest issue, polls have shown the public’s confidence in Trump on immigration declining steadily since January ⁠– averages suggest the public is newly and evenly split on his handling of it and some polls taken around the 100-day mark even found an outright majority of Americans disapproving. It’s no mystery why. The shock-and-awe campaign the administration is waging against immigrants legal and not has produced a steady stream of headlines that sound awful to all but Stephen Miller and the nativist fanatics driving Trump’s agenda. The deportation of a four-year-old citizen suffering from a rare form of cancer. The end of temporary protected status for 9,000 Afghan refugees even as the administration welcomes Afrikaners supposedly fleeing “white genocide”, a myth most voters who don’t frequent white supremacist forums are probably unfamiliar with. The use of the immigration enforcement apparatus to pursue and persecute critics of Israel’s war in Gaza. Even as voters succumbed to a panic over the migrant surge under Biden, moves like this under Trump and a public backlash to them were inevitable.

Osita Nwanevu is a Guardian US columnist

Study details evolutionary change of Anna’s hummingbirds and finds ranges have expanded to follow such devices

Which came first: the feeder or the bird?

A seemingly straightforward question, but the answer might not be so simple. According to a recently published study in Global Change Biology, the use of human-made hummingbird feeders has changed the beak sizes and shapes of Anna’s hummingbirds, and spread their range from a narrow pocket of California all the way up the coast to British Columbia.

Members of Congress are accused of hiding out when workers have sought answers on why their jobs were axed

Workers hit by the Trump administration’s sweeping cuts of federal government jobs, programs and services turned to congressional Republicans for help. But Republicans don’t want to talk about it, according to people who have tried to reach the politicians.

Sabrina Valenti, a former budget analyst for the Coastal Wetland Planning, Protection, and Restoration Act at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Noaa), was fired in February, then reinstated, and fired again weeks later.

The plaintiff, who alleged that Bambaataa sexually abused and trafficked him when he was 12, was granted a default judgment after the DJ failed to show up in court

Hip-hop pioneer Afrika Bambaataa has lost a civil case suing him for child sexual abuse and trafficking after failing to show up in court.

In 2021, the anonymous plaintiff alleged that the DJ and producer sexually abused and trafficked him for four years, beginning in 1991, when he was 12 and Bambaataa 33 or 34 years old.

Entry is free, the prize fund is expected to be £1,500, and the winner qualifies for the world solving championship

This week’s puzzle is a chance to enter an annual national contest in which Guardian readers traditionally perform strongly and in considerable numbers. White in the diagram, playing as usual up the board, is to play and checkmate in two moves, against any black defence.

The puzzle is the first stage of the annual Winton British Solving Championship, organised by the British Chess Problem Society. This competition is open only to British residents, and entry is free. To take part, simply send White’s first move to Nigel Dennis, Boundary House, 230 Greys Road, Henley-on-Thames, Oxon RG9 1QY or by email to winton@theproblemist.org.

The Russian foreign minister said it would not be ‘an elegant solution’, while also claiming Kyiv ‘destroyed’ the Ukrainian Orthodox Church

Meanwhile, Russian foreign minister Sergei Lavrov has just questioned the suggestion that Russia-Ukraine talks could take place in the Vatican.

He argued that it would not be “an elegant solution” for two Orthodox countries to talk in a Catholic location, Reuters just reported.

• County cricket live – join Tanya Aldred for updates

• Day one reaction | Sign up to The Spin | Email Daniel

90th over: England 503-4 (Brook 9, Stokes 1) Stokes gets off the mark with a nice clip off his toes. Some time in the middle will do him the world of good too, there was talk he might even play for the Lions in the run up to the India series in order to get some rhythm at the crease. Zimbabwe have been much better in the two overs this morning, a stat going around states that they bowled over fifty per cent of their deliveries down the leg side yesterday.

Pitched up and a tiny edge! Ollie Pope goes early on day two, playing away from his body at a decent ball from Chivanga. A late review was called for but the spike was clear for all to see. Trent Bridge gives Pope a hearty ovation and then there’s a loud cheer as Ben Stokes strides out to the middle. Shades of Botham as blond whisps of mullet billow out from under Stokes’ helmet as he takes guard.

• Premier League: 10 things to look out for on the final day

• Fixtures | Tables | Sign up for Football Daily | Email Taha

The latest omission of Jack Grealish isn’t a surprise. Grealish is a bit-part player at Manchester City these days and wasn’t used in last weekend’s FA Cup final defeat by Crystal Palace. The match winner in that game, Eberechi Eze, is included. The Palace duo of Marc Guéhi and Adam Wharton miss out, presumably due to injury (although it should be said Tuchel hasn’t seemed entirely convinced by Guéhi).

Tuchel has not been able to name Marcus Rashford because of injury; West Ham’s Jarrod Bowen misses out after failing to take his opportunity last time. Newcastle’s Dan Burn gets another go.

Irfaan Ali tells Guardian of ‘grave’ implications of move to elect officials in Essequibo, recognised as part of Guyana

Venezuela’s decision to elect officials to administer a swathe of Guyanese territory constitutes “a full-frontal assault on Guyana’s sovereignty and territorial integrity” that “undermines regional peace”, the country’s president, Irfaan Ali, has warned.

Venezuelans will head to the polls on Sunday to chose regional governors and lawmakers, including officials who would supposedly govern Essequibo, a territory which is internationally recognised as part of Guyana. The area is largely jungle but also rich in oil, gold, diamonds, timber and other natural resources.