Ninth-century manuscript for Easter services remained ‘out of sight’ for years in hands of private collector

Researchers in Pennsylvania have uncovered what they believe are some of the earliest written notes in western musical history – on a ninth-century manuscript that they say remained “hidden in plain sight” for years in the hands of a private collector.

The notations – characters and dots similar to shorthand outlines – appear above the word “alleluia” on the document, a vellum manuscript leaf from a Latin sacramentary, a Catholic liturgical book used in western Europe during mass from the mid- to late 800s.

Israeli prime minister orders IDF to carry out strikes on Gaza after it accusing Hamas of violating the ceasefire

Hamas’s armed wing said it was postponing the handover of another hostage body scheduled for Tuesday evening after what it called Israeli “violations” of the US-brokered ceasefire.

Hamas’s announcement came minutes after Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu ordered the military to carry out intense strikes on the Gaza Strip, accusing the militants of violating the truce deal.

16 other states have sued the White House over the federal program, saying it’s trampling on authority of Congress

• US politics live – latest updates

At least 11 states and two territories are capitulating to a recent demand from the Trump administration to strip references to gender identity and the existence of transgender and non-binary people from a federal sex education program, officials confirmed to the Guardian.

The administration set a Monday deadline to remove the references or risk losing millions of dollars of federal funding. Almost all of the states that are complying have Republican-controlled state legislatures and most have Republican governors.

Slow-moving giant about to make landfall and will linger over the island before slamming into Cuba

• Hurricane Melissa – latest updates

Hurricane Melissa is close to hitting Jamaica as a catastrophic category 5 storm, the strongest to lash the island since record-keeping began in 1851.

The slow-moving giant will make landfall on Tuesday afternoon local time and linger over the island, moving diagonally through it until heading on to slam into Cuba, with impacts also expected in Haiti and the Bahamas.

Vikings, miners, refugees, enslavers and good old Albion himself … Ben Edge reveals how his dynamic new understanding of Britain today was triggered by seeing a procession of druids march past a KFC

A toy poodle called Lunar arrives at the door of Ben Edge’s studio in a furry blur of excitement. There’s also a full-size fibreglass horse, already halfway through the door. It’s being ridden by a mannequin who is wearing a garland of artificial flowers and, under that, a shirt patterned with green men, Uffington White Horse references and oak leaves. It’s identical to the one worn by the living, breathing artist standing next to me.

A highlight of Edge’s upcoming exhibition at London’s Fitzrovia Chapel, the sculpture is titled Where Must We Go in Search of Our Better Selves. It’s a self-portrait like no other, riffing on the magnificent equestrian monuments of the Renaissance, and honouring the Garland King, a figure from the recesses of British folklore, who each May rides through the Derbyshire village of Castleton. “The Garland King has become a symbol for me,” Edge says. “I see it as representing a process of finding your own nature, of going inward.”

Intense rivalry, terrifying feats of strength, challenges that leave some athletes muttering ‘I hate contact sports’ … Netflix’s new competition is a reality TV joy

If there was one problem with Physical 100, the Korean gameshow featuring top-flight athletes rolling boulders, hauling mine carts and unspooling giant ropes in a bid to find the ultimate physique, it might have been a lack of swagger.

For some people, the starstruck, aw-shucks bonhomie between the contestants was part of the show’s appeal: a breath of sweat-tinged fresh air amid the faux sincerity and psychic barbs of other reality shows. For others, raised on The Real Housewives and boxing weigh-ins, it just wasn’t dramatic enough.

Physical: Asia is on Netflix.

• Teenager receives sponsor exemption for The Annika

• Kai Trump is due to play college golf at Miami

Donald Trump’s granddaughter will be taking a detour on her way to playing college golf at the University of Miami – Kai Trump will make her LPGA Tour debut next month.

The 18-year-old received a sponsor exemption on Tuesday to play in The Annika at Pelican Golf Club from 13 to 16 November, the penultimate event on the LPGA schedule. The tournament, which has a prize purse of $3.25m, is prestigious and typically has one of the strongest fields of the year outside the majors.

The lack of squad investment had clearly frustrated a habitually successful manager yet he was minded to see out his final season – before things got personal

Presumably Martin O’Neill had no inkling of what the coming hours would bring when he used a Monday radio appearance to talk up Hearts’ prospects of winning the Scottish title for the first time since 1960. “This is the time for Hearts,” O’Neill said.

The scale of reverberation around Brendan Rodgers’s resignation is such that even the return of O’Neill to the Celtic dugout is not the most dramatic element. Instead, the lesser‑spotted Dermot Desmond broke cover to lacerate Rodgers. The attack felt personal and spiteful. This proved a sad and unseemly conclusion to Rodgers’s second spell in Glasgow. So much so, in fact, that the third most successful manager in Celtic’s history cannot now show his face at the stadium. Desmond appears to be a bad enemy to choose.

Trump’s immigration crackdown is upending the daily routines of US citizens and permanent residents of color

Sleeping with a passport by your pillow. Bringing a birth certificate to soccer practice. Avoiding large gatherings and crowds. Grocery shopping for relatives too afraid to go outside.

These are some of the ways that US citizens and permanent residents of color have altered how they move through the world as widespread immigration raids create a pervasive climate of fear.

Tech company’s stock enters positive territory for first time this year after gaining about 13% since new iPhone launches

Apple topped $4tn in market value for the first time on Tuesday, the third tech company to hit the milestone, as robust demand for its latest iPhones allayed fears over its slow progress in the AI race. Microsoft reached a $4tn market cap for the second time the same day as the wider US stock market hit record highs.

Apple’s shares have gained about 13% since the new launches on 9 September, in a remarkable turnaround that pushed the stock into positive territory for the first time this year.

Whether it’s Parton’s Jolene, Beyoncé’s Becky with the good hair and now Madeline on Allen’s new album, the ‘other woman’ is everywhere – but gossip risks spoiling these songs

So, to quote Lily Allen – who the fuck is Madeline? As mysteries go, this one didn’t seem to last long. On Friday, Allen released her new album West End Girl, which appears to concern her divorce from US actor David Harbour, with its highly detailed evisceration of an open marriage destroyed by a husband’s emotional affair with a woman called Madeline. By Sunday, the press had already declared they’d found Madeline: the Mail on Sunday printed an interview with a woman claiming she and Harbour had had a relationship. “Of course I’ve heard the song,” they reported her as saying. “But I have a family and things to protect … It’s a little bit scary for me.” (Harbour, for his part, has not responded to the album’s contents or to the Mail’s claims.)

On the song Madeline, Allen (or her character) sings about messaging a woman her husband has been sleeping with, explaining her worries that emotions are now involved: “We had an arrangement / Be discreet and don’t be blatant / There had to be payment / It had to be with strangers / But you’re not a stranger, Madeline.” She then recites text messages sent by Madeline – “He told me you were aware this was going on and that he had your full consent / If he’s lying about that, then please let me know” – which the Mail claims were pulled from real messages.

Party’s Doge chief says he would cut civil service and close six government offices – most of which are already closing

• UK politics live – latest updates

Reform UK would allow ministers to ignore international law and give them the ability to fire civil servants in a Donald Trump-style overhaul of government powers, the party’s new efficiency tsar has said.

Danny Kruger, who defected to Reform from the Conservatives last month, set out the party’s plans to change the way the government and civil service operate, handing more power to the cabinet.

A young journalist reflects on the UN leader’s responses, and hopes his messages – about human violence on an increasingly hostile planet – resonated before Cop30

• ‘Change course now’: humanity has missed 1.5C climate target, says UN head

There we were at the edge of the forest. The computer screen had been up for a long time, everything arranged so that nothing would go wrong; that the internet wouldn’t go down, that the computer battery wouldn’t die, and a glass of water and ice in front of me so I wouldn’t be left without words. Silence filled the other side of the camera until a figure appeared, and there he was: António Guterres, the man who speaks for the world, the secretary general of the United Nations.

A few weeks earlier, I had received an invitation from Jonathan Watts of the Guardian newspaper, asking me to interview Guterres with him. I accepted. It would be my first time speaking to someone with that level of authority. But what would I ask him?

Restructuring paves way for ChatGPT maker to more easily raise capital and profit off its AI technology

OpenAI said on Tuesday it had converted its main business into a for-profit corporation, the conclusion of a lengthy and fraught legal saga.

A crucial regulator, Kathy Jennings, the Delaware attorney general, said she approved the plan for the startup, which began as a non-profit in 2015, to change to a public benefit corporation, a type of for-profit entity that expresses commitment to bettering society.

Royal Academy, London
Mrinalini Mukherjee’s surreal spins on Indian folk and sacred art are powerfully fascinating, but they gain nothing from works shown with them here

As you enter the galleries you can’t avoid the slobbish giant. Maybe it is drunk or drugged as it towers and slumps, a red and brown creature with a demonic face and sagging stomach. If the cord suspending it from the ceiling snapped it would just be a pile of hemp on the floor.

This monster has all the qualities that make the art of Mrinalini Mukherjee, who was born in Mumbai in 1949 and died in 2015, funny, fascinating and surreal. She created it in 1985, making it, like many of her works, with tightly woven, intensely coloured natural fibres. It is called Pakshi, meaning bird, and now I see it, the feathery flanks and floppy wings. Mukherjee’s sculpture is a hallucinatory but sharply observed response to nature, full of echoes of the Indian landscape and, in this case, India’s skies. If a bird can become an ogre in her fantastic imagination, a flower can grow into a fat, sprawling, bloodied excrescence and a tree transmute into gold. So why does the Royal Academy try to suffocate her exhilarating works in an incoherent show that surrounds them with mediocre stuff by much less interesting artists?

He has floated the idea more than once – and his inner circle is already gaming it out. The US constitution might say no, but Trump has a habit of finding his way around even the biggest obstacles

Let me tell you a secret about the US constitution: it’s just a piece of paper. It’s not immutable law created by a higher being. It was made by men, it’s been amended by men, and it can be destroyed by men. It’s only as strong as the institutions that uphold it – institutions which Donald Trump has been systematically weakening as he expands his executive power.

I say this because there are still lots of people who have faith that the constitution can stop the US from gradually turning into an electoral autocracy like Hungary. There are still people so drunk on American exceptionalism that they think it’s ludicrous to believe Trump might seek a third term, because such a move is explicitly outlawed by the 22nd amendment of the constitution.

Forget Halloween! Real scares can happen to actors any night of the year. Big name performers, including Zachary Hart and Harmony Rose-Bremner, recall their worst moments – and how they overcame their fears

Derek Jacobi had a bout of it during a world tour of Hamlet. Bill Nighy wrestled with it in the run-up to The Vertical Hour opening on Broadway. Juliet Stevenson has likened it to “a disease”. It has even caused some to take flight: Stephen Fry disappeared from Cell Mates, while Lenny Henry left the stage during Educating Rita. “I’ve completely gone,” he said – although he did return to finish the show.

Stage fright can cause the shakes but it can also trigger a complete physical freeze-up, to say nothing of a total verbal drying up – all right under the spotlight. So how and why does it take grip? Can it be overcome? And what does it feel like to be seized by the actor’s nightmare?

As one 23-year-old buys a house with his winnings, experts say risk-takers are fuelling an unsustainable market

It was more than just a hunch, says Jacob Foot of his first foray into US tech stock investments back in 2020.

The 23-year-old says he played around with artificial intelligence tools in his first job and thought to himself: this technology is going to be a big deal.

• George Ford at fly-half, Itoje leads side at Twickenham

• Pepper gets nod with Curry among six Lions on bench

England have omitted Marcus Smith completely from their matchday squad to face Australia on Saturday and confirmed George Ford as their starting fly-half. Head coach Steve Borthwick has also named six British & Irish Lions on his bench with Tom Curry, Ellis Genge and Henry Pollock all named among the replacements.

Instead Borthwick has preferred to put his faith in lower-profile players such as Bath’s Guy Pepper, Sale’s Tom Roebuck and Leicester’s Joe Heyes in a side which also has no place for Bath’s Ollie Lawrence or Exeter’s Henry Slade, both midfield regulars last season. Tommy Freeman will wear 13 having been shifted inside from the wing to form a centre pairing with his Northampton clubmate Fraser Dingwall.

The Guardian’s picture editors select photographs from around the world

US says one person survived latest strikes, having killed 51 people in attacks on at least 13 vessels in recent weeks

• US politics live – latest updates

The US military killed 14 people and left one survivor in more strikes on drug-trafficking boats in the eastern Pacific, the defense secretary, Pete Hegseth, said on Monday, as the Trump administration continued to expand its campaign beyond the Caribbean.

The latest strikes mean the US has now attacked at least 13 vessels and brought the officially acknowledged death toll to 51 people since the campaign began at the start of September.

OpenAI’s CEO has announced loosening the platform’s safety restrictions. He seems not to understand how humans are wired

On 14 October 2025, the CEO of OpenAI made an extraordinary announcement.

“We made ChatGPT pretty restrictive,” it says, “to make sure we were being careful with mental health issues.”

Amandeep Jutla MD is an associate research scientist in the division of child and adolescent psychiatry at Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute

In July 1988, the North Sea oil platform ignited. As it melted around him, Joe Meanen knew there was only one possible, but highly perilous, way out for him

It took Joe Meanen about six seconds to hit the North Sea, after jumping 175ft (53 metres) off the burning wreckage of the Piper Alpha oil platform. The fall seemed to last for ever, during which time, he says, his first thought was: “What the fuck have I done?”

Piper Alpha stood about 120 miles off Aberdeen, on the north-east coast of Scotland. On 6 July 1988 it suffered multiple catastrophic explosions and collapsed, killing 167 of the 228 men on board, and a further two men from the rescue crew.

Senate hopeful Graham Platner covered up his tattoo once he learned of its Nazi associations. It’s a problem so common there are free programs for it

Last week, Graham Platner, a progressive Democrat running for the US Senate in Maine, responded to a burst of online criticism by doing something few candidates for high office are ever required to do: he posted a topless photo of himself on the internet.

It was an unusual moment in a campaign that had so far gone his way. Platner had won praise from progressives and secured the backing of Bernie Sanders. But his campaign came unstuck when a video surfaced of him dancing in his underwear at his brother’s wedding – and revealing a skull-and-crossbones tattoo on his chest. The design, known as the Totenkopf, is widely recognised as a Nazi symbol.